density per unit of weight matters more than it does for a battery sitting in a garage or utility closet. Lead-acid batteries are a legacy technology found mostly in older off-grid systems, with a much shorter usable life than either lithium chemistry. Typical installed cost for solar panels. Two respected national data sources currently show somewhat different figures, and the difference itself is informative: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's "Tracking the Sun" report, a Department of Energy national laboratory study drawing on a broad sample of actual installed systems, puts the national median cash-purchase price in a roughly $3.10-$3.50 per watt range. EnergySage's 2026 marketplace data, which reflects competitively-bid quotes from installers on its own platform, shows a lower average of roughly $2.60 per watt, translating to about $31,135 for a 12kW system before any incentives. The gap between the two is a reasonable, honest one: EnergySage's sample reflects installers actively competing for a homeowner's business through its marketplace, while LBNL's broader sample captures a wider range of deals, including ones that never went through competitive bidding. Neither number is "the" price for a specific roof — actual bids vary by market, roof complexity, and which of the equipment choices above a homeowner selects. What that price is typically made of: equipment (panels, inverter, racking, wiring) generally represents 40%-50% of the total; labor and installation make up a meaningful share of the remainder; and soft costs — permitting, interconnection fees with the utility, system design, and sales overhead — are often the most underestimated piece of the total price, and a large part of why cost per watt doesn't fall in a straight line as system size grows. A larger system spreads those same fixed soft costs over more panels, which is why, for example, a 10kW system typically costs closer to 1.7 times a 5kW system rather than a full 2 times as much. Typical installed cost for battery storage. EnergySage's 2026 marketplace data puts the average installed battery cost at roughly $1,037-$1,128 per kWh of usable storage, with a wide range depending on brand and installation complexity — from around $651/kWh on the low end to roughly $1,510/kWh on the premium end. A common whole-home backup configuration uses a 13.5 kWh battery, which works out to approximately $15,228 installed before incentives at the marketplace average price. Homes seeking true whole-home backup, including heating and cooling loads, often need two

THIRD EDITION Solar Panels — Devices containing solar cells that are used to absorb the sun’s rays and convert them into electricity or heat. Sole Proprietorship — A business enterprise net worth that belongs entirely to one individual. Sonar — An apparatus that detects the presence of, or determines the distance or direction of, an object underwater by receiving and interpreting sound from the object. Span of Control — The number of employees supervised by each manager. Spatial — The location of, proximity to, or orientation of objects with respect to one another in N-dimensional space. Generally, refers to phenomena that can be mapped in two or three dimen- sions on or near the earth’s surface. Spatial Data Analysis — The study of the relationship between location-related data and property data, including property characteristics, market data, estimated values, and sales ratios. Spatial Resolution — 1) The ability of an entire remote sensor system, including lens, antennas, display, exposure, processing, and other factors, to render a sharply defined image; and 2) A measure of the smallest angular or linear separation between two objects that can be resolved by the sensor. Spearman Rank Test — Tests the association between two ranked variables. Specifically, as the value of one variable increases, does the other variable tend to increase or decrease? This is a standard nonparametric test useful in examining assessment bias. Special Assessment Area — A geographic area where additional funds are collected to provide services in a municipality. Also known as Special Rate Area. Special Property Tax — A tax that applies to a single class of property (for example, oil and gas properties, motor vehicles) and differs substantially in one or more respects from the general property tax. Note: Such difference may be in the base of the tax (for example, it may consist of gross earnings instead of property values), in the rate, or in important administrative aspects. Compare General Property Tax. Special Tax — 1) In general, an unusual, extraordinary, or unique tax; and 2) Specifically, as applied to property taxes, a) a property tax that is levied in addition to the levying of the regular annual property tax; and b) a property tax levied for a single purpose rather than for the general purposes of government. Special-Use Properties — Properties that have a very specific use and might be appropriate for only one or a very limited number

Dwelling Exterior Appendix F-1: URAR Reference Guide Page 112 of 375 Version 1.3 Heating System Type (Choose one or more) Allowable Answer Definition / Additional Guidance Passive Solar A system that uses solar energy to heat a fluid, either liquid or air, and then transfer the solar heat directly to an interior area or to a storage system for later use. Note: Solar panels that produce electricity are reported in the Energy Efficient and Green Features section (6.001), and not here. Radiant A system that supplies heat directly to the floor or to panels in the wall or ceiling of a house. Radiators A system that boils water in a central unit and moves steam to a radiator in an individual room or space. Stove Note: Only select this answer if the stove is used as the primary source of heat. Other (Describe) Select Other to enter an answer that is not in the above list. Cooling Dwelling Exterior: Mechanical System Details - Cooling Report Field ID Report Label When to Include Allowable Answers / Format Definition / Additional Guidance 8.051 Cooling (System) Always required Yes | No Cooling System Exists: Indicates whether there is permanent cooling in the structure. • If No, “None” displays. 8.051 Cooling (System) If Cooling System Exists is Yes Choose one or more allowable answers from table (Cooling System Type) Cooling System Type • Centralized • Individual • Other (Describe) Cooling System Type (Choose one or more) Allowable Answer Definition / Additional Guidance Centralized A system in which air is cooled at a central location and distributed to and from rooms by one or more fans and ductwork (e.g., forced air, mini-split). Individual A self-contained cooling system, mounted on a wall or in a window, designed to cool an individual room or small area (e.g., window unit). Other (Describe) Select Other to enter an answer that is not in the above list. Core Heating and Other Mechanical Systems Dwelling Exterior: Core Heating and Other Mechanical Systems Report Field ID Report Label When to Include Allowable Answers / Format Definition / Additional Guidance 8.052 Core Heating System Below Grade Required if Heating System Type is not None Yes | No Select Yes when at least one mechanical unit that produces heat (e.g., furnace) is below grade, including when the heating system is shared with multiple units. This is the main core unit that produces and distributes