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# Texas Appraiser Licensing Law — Plain Language Summary Here's what Texas law actually says: The Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Act defines an "appraisal" as either an opinion of value or the process of developing that opinion, and it applies regardless of whether the appraisal is prepared for a federally related transaction. The law was created to bring Texas's regulation of appraisers into line with federal requirements under the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, and to enforce standards for how real property is appraised. The law sets up a licensing board, defines different appraiser categories (including certified appraisers, appraiser trainees, and review appraisers), and recognizes The Appraisal Foundation, its Appraisal Standards Board, and the Appraiser Qualifications Board as the sources of professional standards and qualification requirements that govern the profession in Texas. Straight from Texas Occupations Code Chapter 1103 — nothing added.

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#1 Texas Appraiser Licensing Law (TALCB — Occ. Code Ch. 1103/1104, TAC Title 22) Page 1

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--- Source: Texas Occupations Code, Title 7, Subtitle A, Chapter 1103 — Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Act Official source:…

Texas Appraiser Licensing Law (TALCB — Occ. Code Ch. 1103/1104, TAC Title 22) · Ch1103_Appraiser_Licensing_and_Certification_Act.txt · Page 1

--- Source: Texas Occupations Code, Title 7, Subtitle A, Chapter 1103 — Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Act Official source: https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/OC/htm/OC.1103.htm Retrieved: July 28, 2026 Public domain (government statute) — no copyright restriction. Status: COMPLETE. All sections, Sec. 1103.001 through Sec. 1103.5545 (117 sections across Subchapters A-L), captured directly from the statute's own rendered page and verified section-by-section against the official table of contents. --- OCCUPATIONS CODE TITLE 7. PRACTICES AND PROFESSIONS RELATED TO REAL PROPERTY AND HOUSING SUBTITLE A. PROFESSIONS RELATED TO REAL ESTATE CHAPTER 1103. REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 1103.001. SHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as the Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Act. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 2, eff. June 1, 2003. Sec. 1103.002. PURPOSE. The purpose of this chapter is to: (1) conform state law relating to the regulation of real estate appraisers to the requirements adopted under Title XI, Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989; and (2) enforce standards for the appraisal of real property. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 2, eff. June 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 131 (H.B. 2375), Sec. 1, eff. May 27, 2011. Sec. 1103.003. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter: (1) "Appraisal" means, regardless of whether prepared for a federally related transaction: (A) an opinion of value; or (B) the act or process of developing an opinion of value. (2) "Appraisal Foundation" means The Appraisal Foundation, as defined by 12 U.S.C. Section 3350, or its successor. (2-a) "Appraisal review" has the meaning assigned by Section 1104.003. (2-b) "Appraisal Standards Board" means the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal Foundation, or its successor. (3) "Appraisal Subcommittee" means the Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, or its successor. (4) "Appraiser Qualifications Board" means the Appraiser Qualifications Board of the Appraisal Foundation, or its successor. (4-a) "Appraiser trainee" means an appraiser trainee licensed under this chapter. (4-b) "Automated valuation model" means an automated system used to derive the value of real property through publicly available property records and various analytic methodologies, including comparable sales prices, home characteristics, and historical home price appreciations. (5) "Board" means the Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board. (5-a) "Certified appraiser" means a person who is certified under this chapter to practice as a certified general or certified residential appraiser. (6) "Executive director" means the executive

#2 Texas Appraiser Licensing Law (TALCB — Occ. Code Ch. 1103/1104, TAC Title 22) Page 4

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1103.201(b). (b) Notwithstanding Subsection (a)(7), the appraisals described by that subsection may be credited by the board toward satisfying the experience required to obtain a…

Texas Appraiser Licensing Law (TALCB — Occ. Code Ch. 1103/1104, TAC Title 22) · Ch1103_Appraiser_Licensing_and_Certification_Act.txt · Page 4

1103.201(b). (b) Notwithstanding Subsection (a)(7), the appraisals described by that subsection may be credited by the board toward satisfying the experience required to obtain a license or certificate under this chapter. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 2, eff. June 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 703 (S.B. 381), Sec. 22, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 131 (H.B. 2375), Sec. 3, eff. May 27, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 950 (S.B. 1007), Sec. 2, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 700 (H.B. 2533), Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 55 (S.B. 1222), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Sec. 1103.006. APPLICATION OF SUNSET ACT. The Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board is subject to Chapter 325, Government Code (Texas Sunset Act). Unless continued in existence as provided by that chapter, the board is abolished and this chapter and Chapter 1104 expire September 1, 2033. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 2, eff. June 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 950 (S.B. 1007), Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 334 (S.B. 624), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 850 (S.B. 713), Sec. 5.02, eff. June 16, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 941 (S.B. 1659), Sec. 2.17, eff. June 18, 2023. SUBCHAPTER B. TEXAS APPRAISER LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION BOARD Sec. 1103.051. TEXAS APPRAISER LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION BOARD. The Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board is an independent subdivision of the Texas Real Estate Commission. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 2, eff. June 1, 2003. Sec. 1103.052. BOARD MEMBERSHIP. (a) The board consists of nine members as follows: (1) the executive secretary of the Veterans' Land Board or the executive secretary's designee; and (2) eight members appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate as follows: (A) four members who are certified or licensed appraisers actively engaged in the practice of appraising real property; and (B) four public members who qualify for appointment based on their recognized business ability. (b) The executive secretary of the Veterans' Land Board or the executive secretary's designee is a voting member of the board. (c) In making appointments to the board, the governor shall ensure

#3 California Appraiser Licensing Law (BREA — BP Code/CCR Title 10) Page 12

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appraiser licensing agency or comparable regulatory jurisdiction, or a college, community college, or university that is accredited by a regional, institutional, national, or…

California Appraiser Licensing Law (BREA — BP Code/CCR Title 10) · CCR_Title10_Chapter6.5_BREA_Regulations.txt · Page 12

appraiser licensing agency or comparable regulatory jurisdiction, or a college, community college, or university that is accredited by a regional, institutional, national, or programmatic accreditation agency that is recognized by the U.S. Department of Education; (4) Distance education courses, synchronous or asynchronous, are acceptable if: (A) Course content is approved as above in subparagraph (3); and (B) For asynchronous distance education, the course delivery mechanism is approved by one of the following: (i) AQB's CAP; (ii) The International Distance Education Certification Center; (iii) The Appraisal Foundation; or (iv) A college, community college, or university that qualifies for content approval in paragraph (3) above that awards academic credit for the distance education course. (d) To qualify for renewal, the seven-hour National USPAP Update Course required in subsection (a) shall be completed after the date on which the previous license was issued, or after the previously issued license's expiration date, or during the two-year period following the expiration of the previously held license in which the license can be renewed pursuant to section 3682. To qualify for renewal, the remaining hours required in subsection (b) shall be completed after the expiration date of the previous four-year continuing education cycle. (e) Except for the seven-hour National USPAP Update Course, duplicate continuing education coursework will not be counted toward meeting the required hours of this section if completed more than once within the same four-year continuing education cycle. Note: Authority cited: Sections 11313, 11314, 11360 and 11361, Business and Professions Code. Reference: Sections 11360, 11361 and 11424, Business and Professions Code. § 3544. Credit for Teaching Appraisal Courses. (a) Instructors of appraisal courses may receive credit for up to one-half of the continuing education requirement. Teaching of appraisal courses shall not be acceptable to meet minimum experience requirements. Page 12 July 1, 2026 (b) Instructors must submit written verification of their instructor experience, which shall include: (1) Name of School; (2) Name of Appraisal Course; (3) Dates each course was taught; (4) Number of hours each course was taught; (5) Description of course content for each course taught; (6) Certification by school official verifying the information; and (7) Applicant's signed certification under penalty of Perjury. Note: Authority cited: Sections 11313, 11314 and 11340, Business and Professions Code. Reference: Section 11340, Business and Professions Code. ARTICLE 4. APPLICATION PROCESS § 3561. Application for Licensing. (a) Applications for licensing shall be valid for one year from

#4 Arizona Appraiser Licensing Law (ARS Title 32 Ch. 36 / AAC Title 4 Ch. 46) Page 4

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appraiser. 20. "Review appraiser" means a person who engages in the activity of reviewing and evaluating the appraisal work of others from the perspective of an appraiser,…

Arizona Appraiser Licensing Law (ARS Title 32 Ch. 36 / AAC Title 4 Ch. 46) · ARS_Title32_Ch36_Real_Estate_Appraisal.txt · Page 4

appraiser. 20. "Review appraiser" means a person who engages in the activity of reviewing and evaluating the appraisal work of others from the perspective of an appraiser, generally for compensation as a separate skill. This includes the function of reviewing an appraisal report or a file memorandum setting forth the results of the review process. 21. "Standards of professional appraisal practice" means the uniform standards of professional appraisal practice promulgated by the appraisal standards board of the appraisal foundation. 22. "State-licensed or state-certified appraiser" means a person who develops and communicates appraisals and who holds a current, valid license or certificate issued under this chapter. 23. "Supervisory appraiser" means a state-certified appraiser who has a supervisory appraiser designation and who: (a) Has been in good standing for the last three years in the jurisdiction in which the registered trainee appraiser practices. (b) Has not been disciplined in a manner that affects the supervisory appraiser's eligibility to engage in appraisal practice in any jurisdiction in the last three years. (c) Directly supervises registered trainee appraisers by doing the following: (i) Accepting responsibility for an appraisal by signing and certifying that the appraisal complies with the uniform standards of professional appraisal practice. (ii) Reviewing and signing all registered trainee appraiser reports. 24. "Value" means the monetary relationship between properties and those who buy, sell or use those properties. 32-3602. Applicability of chapter This chapter does not apply to: 1. A real estate broker or salesperson who is licensed in this state and who, when acting as such, gives an opinion as to the price of real estate if this opinion is not referred to as an appraisal. 2. A natural person, a corporation through its officers or a partnership through its partners that gives an opinion of value of that person's or its own property and does not receive special compensation for the transaction if this opinion is not referred to as an appraisal. 3. An attorney in the performance of that person's duties as an attorney. 4. A mortgage banker, mortgage broker or commercial mortgage banker who is licensed in this state and who, when acting as such, prepares a report analyzing real property if the report is not made for the primary purpose of establishing the sale or market value of the property. 5. An individual who is otherwise subject to licensing or certification by law and whose duties require

#5 IAAO Standards Page 16

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THIRD EDITION Appraisal Report — Any form of communication of a completed appraisal or appraisal review. See Appraisal. Appraisal - Sale Price Ratio — The ratio of the appraised…

IAAO Standards · IAAO-Glossary_3rd-Ed_final.pdf · Page 16

THIRD EDITION Appraisal Report — Any form of communication of a completed appraisal or appraisal review. See Appraisal. Appraisal - Sale Price Ratio — The ratio of the appraised value to the sale price, or adjusted sale price, of a property; a simple indication of appraisal accuracy. See Adjusted Sale Price, Appraised Value, and Ratio Study. Appraisal Standards Board — The independent board of The Appraisal Foundation that develops, interprets, and amends the uniform standards of professional appraisal practice (USPAP). Appraisal Uniformity — The extent to which appraisal procedures produce logical and consistent results across individual properties. See Appraisal. Appraisal Valuation Model (AVM) — A mathematically based computer software program that produces an estimate of market value based on market analysis of location, market conditions, and real estate characteristics from information that was previously and separately collected. The distinguishing feature of an AVM is that it is an estimate of market value produced through math- ematical modeling. Credibility of an AVM is dependent on the data used and the skills of the modeler producing the AVM. See Market Analysis, Market Value, and Model. Appraise — To make an estimate of value for property. See Market Value and Value. Appraised Value — The estimate of the value of a property. See Value. Appraiser — The professionally skilled individual who estimates the monetary value of property. Appraiser Licensing and Certification — A procedure whereby appraisers gain permission from the United States, state, and territorial licensing agencies to practice without supervision by demonstrating appropriate (pre — licensing) experience and education skills and by agreeing to maintain and improve their skills and to conduct themselves in accordance with professional standards set by either The Appraisal Foundation’s Appraisal Standards Board or an appraisal organization. Appraiser Qualifications Board — The independent division of The Appraisal Foundation that establishes education, experience, and other criteria for licensing, certification, and reclassifi- cation of qualified appraisers. See Appraiser. Appreciation — Increase in value of a property, in terms of money, from causes other than addi- tions and betterments. Contrast Depreciation. See Addition and Betterment. Appurtenance — Real or personal property improvements that when attached or affixed become part of the real or personal property. Arbitrary Map — An office subdivision or map made by a title company, assessor, or others for their own convenience in locating property in an area in which all the descriptions are by metes and bounds.

#6 Fannie Mae Selling Guide Page 540

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or third-party service provider, the lender is accountable for the quality of the work performed as if it was performed by an employee of the lender. The lender (or its authorized…

Fannie Mae Selling Guide · Selling Guide - 06-03-2026.pdf · Page 540 · View at official source (selling-guide.fanniemae.com) →

or third-party service provider, the lender is accountable for the quality of the work performed as if it was performed by an employee of the lender. The lender (or its authorized agent) must establish policies and procedures to ensure that qualified individuals are being selected in accordance with Fannie Mae requirements, including the Appraiser Independence Requirements. ensure that an appraiser has demonstrated the ability to perform high-quality appraisals before using an appraiser’s services. The quality of an appraiser’s work is a key criterion that must be used in determining which appraiser the lender (or its authorized agent) uses for its assignments. The requirement for an appraiser to produce a high-quality work product must always outweigh fee or turnaround time considerations. develop and maintain a documented process to monitor the appraisers it uses. The process (at a minimum) must include an annual review of an appraiser's state licensing or certification status and a procedure for suspending or terminating business with individual appraisers. Additionally, the lender must have a procedure for referring appraisers to the applicable state appraiser licensing and regulatory board. Delegating these responsibilities to a third party does not relieve the lender of its responsibilities related to the appraisal or the value, condition, and marketability of the property. See B4-1.3-12, Appraisal Quality Matters, for information related to ongoing review of appraisals. Note: Fannie Mae does not approve appraisers. Therefore, when selecting appraisers, lenders must not give any consideration to an appraiser’s representation that they are approved or qualified by Fannie Mae. Supervisory Appraiser As noted in the License and Certification section in this topic, Fannie Mae allows an unlicensed or uncertified appraiser, or trainee (or other similar classification) that works as an employee or subcontractor of a licensed or certified appraiser, to perform a significant amount of the appraisal (or the entire appraisal if they are qualified to do so), as long as the appraisal report is signed by a licensed or certified supervisory or review appraiser and is acceptable under state law. If a supervisory appraiser is used, the supervisory appraiser does not need to physically inspect the subject property or comparables, but must sign the right side of the report and certify that they directly supervised the appraiser that prepared the appraisal report, have reviewed the appraisal report, agree with the statements and conclusions of the appraiser, agree to be bound by certifications as set forth in Fannie

#7 California Appraiser Licensing Law (BREA — BP Code/CCR Title 10) Page 1

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--- Source: California Business and Professions Code, Division 4, Part 3 -- "Licensing and Certification of Real Estate Appraisers" (Sections 11300-11425) Also known as the Bureau…

California Appraiser Licensing Law (BREA — BP Code/CCR Title 10) · BP_Codes_Real_Estate_Appraisers.txt · Page 1

--- Source: California Business and Professions Code, Division 4, Part 3 -- "Licensing and Certification of Real Estate Appraisers" (Sections 11300-11425) Also known as the Bureau of Real Estate Appraisers (BREA) Practice Act. Official source (BREA-compiled copy): https://www.brea.ca.gov/pdf/bp_codes.pdf Retrieved: July 28, 2026 (BREA's own copy states "As of January 1, 2026") Public domain (government statute) -- no copyright restriction. KNOWN GAP: this pull cuts off partway through Section 11423 (the appraisal- notice-to-loan-applicant section) and is missing the rest of 11423 (subsections h-i), plus Sections 11424 and 11425 -- all part of Chapter 9 ("Miscellaneous"). Confirmed via California's official statute site (leginfo.legislature.ca.gov) that 11423(h) covers Regulation B/ECOA compliance and 11423(i) is a savings clause; 11424/11425 not yet pulled. Flagging honestly rather than presenting this as complete -- follow-up needed to fetch the missing tail. --- As of January 1, 2026 Page 1 Bureau of Real Estate Appraisers Practice Act California Business and Professions Code Division 4. Real Estate Part 3. Licensing and Certification of Real Estate Appraisers Sections 11300-11425 NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT WAS CURRENT WHEN ASSEMBLED; HOWEVER, STATUTES AND REGULATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. BREA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION AS TO THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE READER TO CONSULT CURRENT CODE BOOKS. Preamble 11300-11301 Chapter 1: Definitions 11302 Chapter 2: Administration 11310-11319.2 Chapter 3: Scope of Practice 11320-11328.1 Chapter 4: Licenses and Certification Application 11340-11347 Chapter 5: Reciprocity of Licenses and Certifications 11350-11352 Chapter 6: Continuing Education 11360-11361 Chapter 7: Fees 11400-11409 Chapter 8. Real Estate Appraisers Regulation Fund 11410-11420 Chapter 9. Miscellaneous 11421-11425 As of January 1, 2026 Page 2 Preamble § 11300.Title This part may be cited as the Real Estate Appraisers’ Licensing and Certification Law. § 11301. Bureau of Real Estate Appraisers Created (a) There is hereby created within the Department of Consumer Affairs a Bureau of Real Estate Appraisers to administer and enforce this part. (b) Notwithstanding any other law, the powers and duties of the bureau, as set forth in this part, shall be subject to review by the appropriate policy committees of the Legislature. The review shall be performed as if this part were scheduled to be repealed as of January 1, 2030. Chapter 1: Definitions § 11302. Definitions of Terms For the purpose of applying this part, the following terms, unless otherwise expressly indicated, shall mean and have the following definitions: (a) “Affiliate” means any entity

#8 Arizona Appraiser Licensing Law (ARS Title 32 Ch. 36 / AAC Title 4 Ch. 46) Page 5

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state and who, when acting as such, prepares a report analyzing real property if the report is not made for the primary purpose of establishing the sale or market value of the…

Arizona Appraiser Licensing Law (ARS Title 32 Ch. 36 / AAC Title 4 Ch. 46) · ARS_Title32_Ch36_Real_Estate_Appraisal.txt · Page 5

state and who, when acting as such, prepares a report analyzing real property if the report is not made for the primary purpose of establishing the sale or market value of the property. 5. An individual who is otherwise subject to licensing or certification by law and whose duties require appraisal of real property for purposes of tax assessment. 6. An engineer or architect registered in this state or a contractor or insurance producer licensed in this state who, when acting as such, prepares a report analyzing real property if the report utilizes the specialized knowledge of the registered engineer or architect or the licensed contractor or insurance producer. 7. A property tax agent who is registered in this state and who, when acting as such, prepares a report analyzing real estate if the report is made for purposes of tax assessment or tax valuation of the real estate. 8. An individual appraising real property only for the purpose of providing an opinion in a judicial proceeding or an individual providing an opinion in a judicial proceeding. An individual providing an opinion under the exemption of this paragraph shall not represent or imply in any report or testimony that the individual testifying is licensed or certified under this chapter. 9. A person who produces a statement that is provided to any other person concerning the estimated value of real property through an internet website, automated valuation or other software program or other means of comparative market analysis and who discloses that the estimate is not an appraisal. 32-3603. Registration, license or certificate use; exception A. All real estate appraisals and appraisal reviews performed on real property in this state shall be performed only by individuals who are registered, licensed or certified in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. No person, other than a registered trainee appraiser or a state-licensed or state-certified appraiser, may assume or use that title or any title, designation or abbreviation likely to create the impression of registration as a trainee appraiser or licensure or certification as an appraiser by this state. B. No person other than a state-licensed or state-certified appraiser may receive a fee for a real estate appraisal or an appraisal review of real property in this state. This subsection does not prohibit a supervisory appraiser from remitting compensation to a registered trainee appraiser during the course of training. [ARCHIVED — NOT CURRENT

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